An implantable glucose biosensor that would continuously monitor blood sugar levels (from the interstitial fluid) would revolutionize diabetes management. The lifetime of current and emergent biosensors are limited by “biofouling” – surface adsorption of proteins and cells (part of the foreign body response) - which quickly blocks glucose diffusion.
What we are doing
The goal of our research is to develop a “self-cleaning membrane” using thermoresponsive hydrogels that undergo cyclical and subtle deswelling/reswelling to “clean off” proteins and cells in order to maintain glucose diffusion and extend biosensor lifetime.
Publications on this research
A comb architecture to control the selective diffusivity of a double network hydrogel
Dong, P.; Schott, B.J.; Means, A.K.; Grunlan, M.A. “A comb architecture to control the selective diffusivity of a double network hydrogel,” ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2020, 2, 5269–5277
View the ArticleA self-cleaning, mechanically robust membrane for minimizing the foreign body reaction: towards extending the lifetime of sub-Q glucose biosensors
Means, A.K.; Dong, P.; Clubb, Jr, F.J.; Friedemann, M.C.; Colvin, L.E.; Shrode, C.A.; Coté, G.L; Grunlan, M.A. “A self-cleaning, mechanically robust membrane for minimizing the foreign body reaction: towards extending the lifetime of sub-Q glucose biosensors,” J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2019, 30, 79.
View the ArticleA layer-by-layer (LbL) approach to retain an optical glucose sensing assay within the cavity of a hydrogel membrane
Locke, A.K.; Means, A.K.; Dong, P.; Nichols, T.J.; Coté, G.L.; Grunlan, M.A. “A layer-by-layer (LbL) approach to retain an optical glucose sensing assay within the cavity of a hydrogel membrane,” ACS Applied Bio Mater., 2018, 1, 1319-1327.
View the ArticleForeign body reaction to a subcutaneously implanted self-cleaning, thermoresponsive hydrogel membrane for implanted glucose biosensors
Abraham, A.A.; Means, A.K.; Clubb, Jr, F.J.; Fei, R.; Locke, A.K.; Gacasan, E.G.; Coté, G.L; Grunlan, M.A. “Foreign body reaction to a subcutaneously implanted self-cleaning, thermoresponsive hydrogel membrane for implanted glucose biosensors,” ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 2018, 4, 4104-4111.
View the ArticleThermoresponsive double network hydrogels with exceptional mechanical properties
Means, A.K.; Ehrhardt, D.A.; Whitney, L.V.; Grunlan, M.A. “Thermoresponsive double network hydrogels with exceptional mechanical properties,” Macromol. Rapid Comm., 2017, 38, 1700351-1700357.
View the ArticleSelf-cleaning, thermoresponsive P(NIPAAm-co-AMPS) double network membranes for implanted glucose biosensors
Fei, R., Means, A.K., Abraham, A.A.; Locked, A.K.; Coté; G.L.; Grunlan, M.A.. “Self-cleaning, thermoresponsive P(NIPAAm-co-AMPS) double network membranes for implanted glucose biosensors,” Macromol. Mater. Eng., 2016, 301, 935-943.
View the ArticleThermoresponsive double network micropillared hydrogels for cell release
Fei, R.; Hou, H.; Munoz-Pinto, D.; Han, A.; Hahn, M.S.; Grunlan, M.A. “Thermoresponsive double network micropillared hydrogels for cell release,” Macromol. Biosci.; 2014, 14, 1346-1352.
A self-cleaning membrane to extend the lifetime of an implanted glucose biosensor
Abraham, A.A.; Fei, R.; Coté, G.L.; Grunlan, M.A. “A self-cleaning membrane to extend the lifetime of an implanted glucose biosensor,” ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces, 2013, 5, 12832-12838.
View the ArticleUltra strong thermoresponsive hydrogels
Fei, R.; George, J.T.; Means, A.K.; Grunlan, M.A. “Ultra strong thermoresponsive hydrogels,” Soft Matter. 2013, 9, 2912-2919.
View the ArticleThermoresponsive nanocomposite double network nanocomposite hydrogels
Fei, R.; George, J.T.; Park, J., Grunlan, M.A. “Thermoresponsive nanocomposite double network nanocomposite hydrogels,” Soft Matter 2012, 8, 481-487.
View the ArticleThermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogels: Transparency, rapid deswelling and cell release
Hou, Y.; Fei, R.; Burkes, J.C.; Lee, S.D., Munoz-Pinto, D.; Hahn, M.S.; Grunlan, M.A. “Thermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogels: Transparency, rapid deswelling and cell release,” J. Biomat. Tissue Eng. 2011, 1, 93-100.
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